![]() ![]() The task keeps him on the road for 300 days a year.Ī group of Berliners at a Stolpersteine cleaning initiative. He has now laid over 70,000 stones, personally overseeing the wording and installation of each one. He installed the first Berlin Stolperstein four years later. The idea was first conceived by artist Gunter Demnig in Cologne in 1992 as part of an initiative commemorating Roma and Sinti victims of the Holocaust. “The Stolpersteine are so much more vivid and personal.” “I find it much more moving than these colossal or labyrinthine memorials, which to me feel quite bombastic and anonymous,” says Marion Papi, a translator and writer who also lives a few doors down from Spitzenberger on Duisburger Strasse. Together, the Stolpersteine now constitute the largest decentralised monument in the world. To read the stone, you must bow before the victim Michael Friedrichs-Friedländer The inscription on each stone begins “Here lived”, followed by the victim’s name, date of birth, and fate: internment, suicide, exile or, in the vast majority of cases, deportation and murder. If Eisenman’s large monument, set in the governmental heart of Berlin, emphasises the scale and political culpability of the Holocaust, the Stolpersteine focus on its individual tragedies. The stones represent a new vision of urban remembrance. ![]() Each commemorates a victim outside their last-known freely chosen residence. Known as “ Stolpersteine”, or “stumbling stones”, there are now more than 70,000 such memorial blocks laid in more than 1,200 cities and towns across Europe and Russia. A flower laid on an individual Stolperstein in Berlin. ![]()
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